Clinical, demographic characteristics and results of the long term follow-up in adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease

I.G. Lebid

References

1. Yemets IM, Rudenko NM, Vorobyova GM. Transposition of trunk vessels. Тernopil: «Ukrmedknyga», 2012. 152 p. (in Ukr.).
2. Lebid IG, Rudenko NM, Yemets IM. Bilingual structured nomenclature of diagnoses. Кyiv, 2015. 72 p. (in Ukr.).
3. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems; 10th revision Geneva: WHO, 2003.
4. Mitchell SC, Korones SB, Berendes HW. Congenital heart disease in 56,109 births. Circulation. 1971;43:323-332.
5. Moon JR, Song J, Huh J, et al. Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors in adults with congenital heart disease. Korean Circ J. 2015;45 (5):416-423.
6. Vander Velde ET, Vriend JW, Mannens MM, et al. CONCOR, an initiative towards a national registry and DNA-bank of patients with congenital heart disease in the Netherlands: rationale, design, and first results. Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20 (6):549-557.
7. Webb G, Mulder BJ, Aboulhosn J, et al. The care of adults with congenital heart disease across the globe: Current assessment and future perspective: A position statement from the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD). Int J Cardiol. 2015;15 (195):326-333.
8. Zomer AC, Verheugt CL, Vaartjes I, et al. Surgery in adults with congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2011;124 (20):2195-2201.

Retrospective single-center analysis of surgical treatment of patients with primary mitral insufficiency

О.A. Myshakivskyy, V.H. Аverchuk, А.V. Ratych, І.S. Protsyk, І.P. Chornenkyy, D.V. Аverchuk,
T.B. Rudyk, Yu.A. Ivaniv, L.V. Povalyashko, D.S. Tymchuk, V.I. Pavliuk, L.Ya. Solovey, I.І. Кobza

References

1. Bonow R, Carabello B, Chatterjee K, et al. 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease). Circulation. 2008;118:523-661.
2. Chauvaud S, Jebara V, Chachques JC, et al. Valve extension with glutaraldehyde-preserved autologous pericardium. Results in mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1991;102:171-177.
3. Chrisophoros K, Savvas O, Ali S, et al. Mitral valve repair: beyond the French correction. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2008;29:329-324.
4. Davila JC, Glover RP, Trout RG, et al. Circumferential suture of the mitral ring; a method for the surgical correction of mitral insufficiency. J Thorac Surg. 1955;30:531-560.
5. De Bonis M, Calabrese MC, La Canna G, et al. Prophylactic Tricuspid Annuloplasty In Patients With Dilated Tricuspid Annulus Undergoing Mitral Surgery For Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: a Prospective Randomized Study. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2013;17. Р. 279.
6. De Bonis M, Lapenna E, Alfieri O. Edge-to-edge Alfieri technique for mitral valve repair: which indications? Curr Opin Cardiol. 2013;28:152-157.
7. Dreyfus GD, Corbi PJ, Chan KMJ, et al. Secondary tricuspid regurgitation or dilatation: which should be the criteria for surgical repair? Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:127-132.
8. Durán CM, Pomar JL, Cucchiara G. A flexible ring for atrioventricular heart valve reconstruction. J Cardiovasc Surg. 1978;19:417-420.
9. Enriquez-Sarano M, Akins CW, Vahanian A. Mitral regurgitation. Lancet. 2009;373:1382-1394.
10. Iung B, et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:1231-1243.
11. Kwon MH, Lee LS, Cevasco M, et al. Recurrence of mitral regurgitation after partial versus complete mitral valve ring annuloplasty for functional mitral regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;146:616-622.
12. Lancellotti P, Moura L, Pierard LA, et al. European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 2: mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (native valve disease). Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010;11:307-332.
13. Matsuyama K, Matsumoto M, Sugita T, et al. Predictors of residual tricuspid regurgitation after mitral valve surgery. Ann Thoracic Surgery. 2003;75:1826-1828.
14. McCarthy P, Bhudia S, Rajeswaran H, et al. Tricuspid valve repair: durability and risk factors for failure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;127:674-685.
15. Merendino KA, Thomas GI, Jesseph JE, et al. The open correction of rheumatic mitral regurgitation and/or stenosis; with special reference to regurgitation treated by posteromedial annuloplasty utilizing a pump-oxygenator. Ann Surg. 1959;150:5-22.
16. Miura T, Hamawaki M, Hazama S, et al. Outcome of surgical management for active mitral native valve infective endocarditis: a collective review of 57 patients. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surgery. 2014;62:488-498.
17. Nichols HT. Mitral insufficiency: treatment by polar cross-fusion of the mitral annulus fibrosus. J Thorac Surg. 1957;33:102-122.
18. Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, et al. Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study. Lancet. 2006;368:1005-1011.
19. Rankin JS, et al. Techniques of artificial chordal replacement for mitral valve repair use in multiple pathologic disorders. Operative Techn Thorac Cardiovasc Surgery. 2008;13:74-82.
20. Rankin JS, Thouranib VH, Rakesh M, et al. Associations between valve repair and reduced operative mortality in 21 056 mitral/tricuspid double valve procedures. Eur J Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2013;44:472-477.
21. Seeburger J, et al. Off-pump transapical implantation of artificial neo-chordae to correct mitral regurgitation. J Amer Coll Cardiology. 2014;63 (9):914-919.
22. Shumway NE, Lewis FJ. Experimental surgery of the mitral valve under direct vision using hypothermia. Surg Forum. 1955;5:12-16.
23. Siregar S. Trends and outcomes of valve surgery: 16-year results of Netherlands Cardiac Surgery National Database. Eur J Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2014;46:386-397.
24. Spiegelstein D, Moshkovitz Y, Sternik L, et al. Midterm results of mitral valve repair: closed versus open annuloplasty ring. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;90:489-495.
25. Sternik L, Zehr K, Orszulak T, et al. The advantage of repair of mitral valve in acute endocarditis. J Heart Valve Disease. 2002;11:91-97.
26. Thomas G, Domenico M, Christian N, et al. Tricuspid valve repair: is ring annuloplasty superior?. Eur. J. Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2013;43:58-65.
27. Urbanski PP. Modified technique of chordal replacement for mitral valve repair. Thorac Cardiovasc Surgeon. 2005;5:315-317.
28. Vahanian A, Baumgartner H, Bax J, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: The Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:230-268.
29. Vahanian A, Iung B, Pierard L, et al. Valvular heart disease. The ESC textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Eds AJ Camm, TF Luescher, PW Serruys. 2nd ed. Malden-Oxford-Victoria, 2009:625-670.

Treatment of the refractory angina in the very elderly patients and centenarians

O.A. Yepanchintseva, O.P. Nadorak, Yu.A. Borkhalenko, S.I. Mashkovska, O.J. Zharinov

References

1.  Antzelevitch C, Belardinelli L, Zygmunt AC, et al. Electrophysiological effects of ranolazine, a novel antianginal agent with antiarrhythmic properties. Circulation. 2004;110:904-910.
2. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. New Engl J Medicine. 2008;358:1887-1898.
3. Dobesh PP, Trujillo TC. Ranolazine: A new option in the management of chronic stable angina. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27(12):1659-1676.
4. Ferrari R, Hearse D. Ischemic Heart Disease & Chronic Heart Failure in the Elderly. Dialogues in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2008;13(1):3-66.
5. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2012;126(25):e354-471.
6. Graham MM,  Ghali WA, et al. Survival after coronary revascularization in the elderly. Circulation. 2002;105:2378-2384.
7. Greene RS, Rangel RM, Edwards KL, et al. Ranolazine for the treatment of refractory angina in a veterans population. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2012;13:e141.
8. Kumar S, Hall RJ. Drug treatment of stable angina pectoris in the elderly: defining the place of calcium channel antagonists. Drugs Aging. 2003;20(11):805-815.
9. Martínez-Sellés M, García de la Villa B, Cruz-Jentoft A J, et al. Centenarians and their hearts: A prospective registry with comprehensive geriatric assessment, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and follow-up. Am Heart J. 2015;169:798-805.
10. McGillion M, Arthur HM, Cook A, et al. Management of Patients With Refractory Angina: Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Pain Society Joint Guidelines. Canad J Cardiology. 2012;28:S20-S41.
11. Mukherjee D. Management of refractory angina in the contemporary era. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2655-2657.
12. Muhlestein JB, Sharon G. Ranolazine reduces patient-reported angina severity and frequency and improves quality of life in selected patients with chronic angina. Drugs. 2013;13:207-213.
13. Pfisterer M, Buser P, Osswald S, et al. Outcome of elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary artery disease with an invasive vs optimized medical treatment strategy. One year results of the randomized TIME trial. JAMA. 2003;9:1117-1123.
14. Povsic TJ, Broderick S, Anstrom KJ, et al. Predictors of long-term clinical endpoints in patients with refractory angina. J Amer Heart Association. 2015;4:1-12.
15. Rabunal-Rey R, Monte-Secades R, Gomez-Gigirey A, et al. Electrocardiographic abnormalities in centenarians: impact on survival. BMC Geriatrics. 2012;12-15.
16. Wheatley BJ,  Gorsuch JM, et al. Vascular procedures in nonagenarians and centenarians are safe. Amer J Surgery. 2011;201:301-304.
17. Young JW, Melander Jr, Melander S. Evaluating symptoms to improve quality of life in patients with chronic stable angina. Nursing Research and Practice. 2013:1-8.

Myocardial damage in cardioplegia and cardiopulmonary bypass

M.Т. Vatutin, G.G. Taradin, A. Taratorina, Y.V. Yeshchenko, V.S. Kolesnikov

References

1. Bokeria LA, Avaliani VM, Merzlyakov VYu. Aortocoronary bypass surgery on a working heart. Moskva, 2008. 490 p. (in Rus.).
2. Merzlyakov VYu, Selimyan LS. Evaluation and prognostic value of myocardial damage in open heart surgery. RAMS. 2012;13(3):19-26. (in Rus.).
3. Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E, Bassand J.P. Myocardial infarction redefined - a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:959-969.
4. Andrews DT, Sutherland J, Dawson P, et al. L-arginine cardioplegia reduces oxidative stress and preserves diastolic function in patients with low ejection fraction undergoing coronary artery surgery. Anaesth. Intensive Care. 2012;40:99-106.
5. Bae YS, Kim Y, Kim JH, et al. Independent functioning of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and phospholipase D1 in Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Metinduced superoxide generation in human monocytes. J Immunology. 2000;164(8):4089-4096.
6. Bein B, Renner J, Caliebe D, et al. Sevoflurane but not propofol preserves myocardial function during minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(3):610-616.
7. Brener SJ, Lytle BW, Schneider JP, et al. Association between CK-MB elevation after percutaneous or surgical revascularization and three-year mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:1961-1967.
8. Bull DA, Maurer J. Aprotinin and preservation of myocardial function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:735-739.
9. Cagli K, Ozbakir C, Ergun K, et al. Electrocardiographic changes after coronary artery surgery. Asian. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann. 2006;14:294-299.
10. Caimmi PP, Kapetanakis EI, Beggino C, et al. Management of acute cardiac failure by intracoronary administration of levosimendan. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2011;58:246-253.
11. Caimmi PP, Molinari C, Uberti F, et al. Intracoronary levosimendan prevents myocardial ischemic damages and activates survival signaling through ATPN-sensitive potassium channel ad nitric oxide. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2011;39:59-67.
12. Careaga G, Salazar D, Tellez S, et al. Clinical impact of histidine-ketoglutarate-tryptophan (HTK) cadioplegic solutionon the perioperative period in open heart surgery subjects. Arch. Med. Red. 2001;32:296-299.
13. Carter JM, Buerke U, Rossner E, et al. Anti-inflammatory actions of aprotinin provide dose-dependent cardioprotection from reperfusion injury. Brit J Pharmacol. 2008;155:93-102.
14. Chandrasekar B, Mitchell DH, Colston JT, Freeman GL. Regulation of CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor, and gp130 expression during myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion. Circulation. 1999;99(3):427-433.
15. Chikwe J, Bedow E, Glenville B. Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Surgery - Cardiothoracic Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2006. 832 p.
16. Christen S, Finckh B, Lykkesfeldt J, et al. Oxidative stress precedes peak systemic inflammatory response in pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass operation. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2005;38(10):1323-1332.
17. De Bruyn H, Gelders F, Gregoir T, et al. Myocardial Protection during Cardiac Surgery: Warm Blood versus Crystalloid Cardioplegiа. World J Cardiovasc Diseases. 2014;4:422-431.
18. De Hert SG, ten Broecke PW, Mertens E, et al. Sevoflurane but not propofol preserves myocardial function in coronary surgery patients. Anesthesiology. 2002;97(1):42-49.
19. Deten A, Volz HC, Holzl A, et al. Effect of propranolol on cardiac cytokine expression after myocardial infarction in rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003;251(1-2):127-137.
20. Dreyer WJ, Phillips SC, Lindsey ML, et al. Interleukin 6 induction in the canine myocardium after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;120(2):256-263.
21. Du Toit EF, Muller CA, McCarthy J, Opie L.H. Levosimendan: effects of a calcium sensitizer on function and arrhythmias and cyclic nucleotide levels during ischemia/reperfusion in the Langendorff-perfused guinea pig heart. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999;290:505-514.
22. El-Morsy GZ, Abdullah HM, Abo-Haded HM. Does type of cardioplegia affect myocardial and cerebral outcome in pediatric open cardiac surgeries? Ain-Shams J Anesthesiology. 2014;7:242-249.
23. Falahati A, Sharkey S, Christensen D. Implementation of serum cardiac troponin I as marker for detection of acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 1999;137:332-337.
24. Fellahi JL, Gue X, Richomme X, et al. Short- and long term prognostic value of postoperative cardiac troponin I concentration in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Anesthesiology. 2003;99:270-274.
25. Forde RC, Fitzgerald DJ. Reactive oxygen species and platelet activation in reperfusion injury. Circulation. 1997;95(4):787-789.
26. Freyholdt T, Massoudy P, Zahler S, et al. Beneficial effect of sodium nitroprusside after coronary artery bypass surgery: pump function correlates inversely with cardiac release of proinflammatory cytokines. J Cardiovasc Pharmacoly. 2003;42(3):372-378.
27. Galinanes M. In search of a reliable marker of tissue injury during heart surgery. Heart. 1998;80:317-318.
28. Gaudino M, Pragliola C, Anselmi A, et al. Randomized trial of HTK versus warm blood cardioplegia for right ventricular protection in mitral surgery. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2013;47(6):359-367.
29. Giordano P, Scrascia G, D’Agostino D, et al. Myocardial Damage Following Cardiac Surgery: Comparison between Single-Dose Celsior Cardioplegic Solution and Cold Blood Multi-Dose Cardioplegia. Perfusion. 2013;28:496-502.
30. Grossini E, Caimmi PP, Platini F, et al. Modulation of programmed forms of cell death by intraconary levosimendan during regional myocardial ischemia in anesthetized pigs. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2010;4:5-15.
31. Guru V, Omura J, Alghamdi AA, et al. Is Blood Superior to Crystalloid Cardioplegia? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Circulation. 2006;114:330-338.
32. Halestrap AP, Kerr PM, Javadov S, Woodfield KY. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of the permeability transition pore and its role in reperfusion injury of the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1366(1-2):79-94.
33. Halestrap AP. Mitochondria and reperfusion injury of the heart - a holey death but not beyond salvation. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2009;41(2):113-121.
34. Halestrap AP, Pasdois P. The role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in heart disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1787(11):1402-1415.
35. Kato R, Foëx P. Myocardial protection by anesthetic agents against ischemia-reperfusion injury: an update for anesthesiologists. Can J Anaesth. 2002;49(8):777-791.
36. Kevin LG, Novalija E, Stowe DF. Reactive oxygen species as mediators of cardiac injury and protection: the relevance to anesthesia practice. Anesth Analg. 2005;101(5):1275-1287.
37. Khan TA, Bianchi C, Voisine P, et al. Reduction of myocardial reperfusion injury by aprotinin after regional ischemia and cardioplegic arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;128:602-608.
38. Kim KB, Lim C, Lee C, et al. Off-pump coronary artery bypass may decrease the patency of saphenous vein grafts. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:1033-1037.
39. Kokita N, Hara A. Propofol attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced mechanical and metabolic derangeme rat heart. Anesthesiology. 1996;84(1):117-127.
40. Kokita N, Hara A, Abiko Y, et al. Propofol improves functional and met in ischemic reperfused isolated rat hearts. Anesth Analg. 1998;86(2):252-258.
41. Kuhn EW, Choi YH, Pyun JM, et al. Endothelial Injury Associated with Cold or Warm Blood Cardioplegia during Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. BioMed Research International. 2015;2015.
42. Lahtinen P, Pitkänen O, Pölönen P, et al. Levosimendan reduces heart failure after cardiac surgery: A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2011;39:2263-2270.
43. Lehmann LE, Schroeder S, Hartmann W, et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor is related to inflammatory response in coronary bypass surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;30(1):59-63.
44. Lehrke S, Steen H, Sievers HH, et al. Cardiac troponin T for prediction of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality after elective open heart surgery. Clin Chem. 2004;50:1560-1567.
45. Li YC, Ridefelt P, Wiklund L, Bjerneroth G. Propofol induces a lowering of free cytosolic calcium in myocardial cells. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997;41(5):633-638.
46. Mojcik CF, Levy JH. Aprotinin and the systemic inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71:745-754.
47. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (MCSPI) Research Group Effects of acadesine on the incidence of myocardial infarction and adverse cardiac outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anesthesiology. 1995;83:658-673.
48. Murphy PG, Bennett JR, Myers DS, et al. The effect of propofol anaesthesia on free radical-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1993;10(4):261-266.
49. Plummer ZE, Baos S, Rogers CA, et al. The Effects of Propofol Cardioplegia on Blood and Myocardial Biomarkers of Stress and Injury in Patients With Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting or Aortic Valve Replacement Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Protocol for a Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res. Protoc. 2014;3:1-10.
50. Raja SG, Dreyfus GD. Modulation of systemic inflammatory response after cardiac surgery. Asian. Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2005;13(4):382-395.
51. Rastan AJ, Bittner HB, Gummert JF, et al. On-pump beating heart versus off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery-evidence of pump-induced myocardial injury. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2005;27:1057-1064.
52. Rauen U, Kerkweg U, De Groot H. Iron-dependent vs. iron-independent cold-induced injury to cultured rat hepatocytes: a comparative study in physiological media and organ preservation solutions. Cryobiology. 2007;54:77-86.
53. Rauen U, Klempt S, De Groot H. Histidine-induced injury to cultured liver cells, effects of histidine derivatives and of iron chelators. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007;64:192-205.
54. Ren G, Dewald O, Frangogiannis N.G. Inflammatory mechanisms in myocardial infarction. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy. 2003;2(3):242-256.
55. Riess ML, Stowe DF, Warltier DC. Cardiac pharmacological preconditioning with volatile anesthetics: from bench to bedside? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004;286(5):1603-1607.
56. Sá MP, Rueda FG, Ferraz PE, et al. Is There Any Difference between Blood and Crystalloid Cardioplegia for Myocardial Protection during Cardiac Surgery? A Meta-Analysis of 5576 Patients from 36 Randomized Trials. Perfusion. 2012;27:535-546.
57. Saini HK, Dhalla NS. Defective calcium handling in cardiomyocytes isolated from hearts subjected to ischaemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;288(5):2260-2270.
58. Saini-Chohan HK, Dhalla NS. Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes from hearts treated with N-acetylcysteine and N-mercaptopropionylglycine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009;87(12):1110-1119.
59. Scrascia G, Guida P, Rotunno C, et al. Myocardial protection during aortic surgery: comparison between Bretschneider-HTK and cold blood cardioplegia. Perfusion. 2011;26:427-433.
60. Soos P, Andrasi T, Buhmann V, et al. Myocardial protection after systemic application of L-arginine during reperfusion. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2004;43:782-788.
61. Suleiman MS, Halestrap AP, Griffiths EJ. Mitochondria: a target for myocardial protection. Pharmacol Ther Jan. 2001;89(1):29-46.
62. Suleiman MS, Hancock M, Shukla R, et al. Cardioplegic strategies to protect the hypertrophic heart during cardiac surgery. Perfusion. 2011;26:48-56.
63. Suleiman MS, Zacharowski K, Angelini GD. Inflammatory response and cardioprotection during open-heart surgery: the importance of anaesthetics. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;153(1):21-33.
64. Sztark F, Ichas F, Ouhabi R, et al. Effects of the anaesthetic propofol on the calcium-induced permeability transition of rat heart mitochondria: direct pore inhibition and shift of the gating potential. FEBS Lett. 1995;368(1):101-104.
65. Tasouli A, Papadopoulus K, Antoniu T, et al. Efficacy and safety of perioperative infusion of levosimendan in patients with compromised cardiac function undergoing open heart surgery: importance of early use. Eur J Cardiothoracic. Surg. 2007;32:629-633.
66. Tritapepe L, De Santis V, Vitale D, et al. Levosimendan pre-treatment improves outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Brit J Anaesthesia. 2009;102(2):198-204.
67. Venugopal V, Hausenloy DJ, Ludman A, et al. Remote ischaemic preconditioning reduces myocardial injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cold-blood cardioplegia: a randomised controlled trial. Heart. 2009;95:1567-1571.
68. Veres G, Radovits T, Merkely B, et al. Custodiol-N, the novel cardioplegic solution reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2015;10:1-7.
69. Vinten-Johansen J. Involvement of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of lethal myocardial reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;61(3):481-497.
70. Wang M, Baker L, Tsai BM, et al. Sex differences in the myocardial inflammatory response to ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Amer J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005;288(2):321-326.
71. Yamamoto H, Magishi K, Goh K, et al. Cardioprotective Effects of Normothermic Reperfusion with Oxygenated Potassium Cardioplegia: A Possible Mechanism. Interactive Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery. 2009;9:598-604.
72. Yang Q, He GW. Effect of cardioplegic and organ preservation solutions and their components on coronary endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:757-767.

Almanac 2015: coronary artery disease

D. Shavelle

Referenses

1. Antoniucci D, Valenti R, Migliorini A. Thrombectomy during PCI for acute myocardial infarction: are the randomized controlled trial data relevant to the patients who really need this technique? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008;71:863-869.
2. Backus BE, Six AJ, Kelder JC, et al. Chest pain in the emergency room: a multicenter validation of the HEART Score. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2010;9:164-169.
3. Bates ER. Multivessel coronary artery disease revascularisation strategies in patients with diabetes mellitus. Heart. 2013;99:1633-1635.
4. Bhatnagar P, Wickramasinghe K, Williams J, et al. The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the UK 2014. Heart. 2015;101:1182-1189.
5. Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W. et al., CHARISMA Investigators. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. New Engl J Med. 2006;354:1706-1717.
6. Bhattacharyya S, Kamperidis V, Chahal N, et al. Clinical and prognostic value of stress echocardiography appropriateness criteria for evaluation of coronary artery disease in a tertiary referral centre. Heart. 2014;100:370-374.
7. Borné Y, Smith JG, Melander O, et al. Red cell distribution width in relation to incidence of coronary events and case fatality rates: a population-based cohort study. Heart. 2014;100:1119-1124.
8. Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, et al. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. New Engl J Med. 2015;372:2387-2397.
9. Carlton EW, Cullen L, Than M, et al. A novel diagnostic protocol to identify patients suitable for discharge after a single high-sensitivity troponin. Heart. 2015;101:1041-1046.
10. Collet JP, Silvain J, Barthélémy O. et al., ARCTIC investigators. Dual-antiplatelet treatment beyond 1 year after drug-eluting stent implantation (ARCTIC-Interruption): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2014;384:1577-1585.
11. Collinson PO. Evaluating new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. Heart. 2013;99:757-758.
12. De Bruyne B, Fearon WF, Pijls NH, et al. Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI for stable coronary artery disease. New Engl J Med. 2014;371:1208-1217.
13. Diletti R, Karanasos A, Muramatsu T, et al. Everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds for treatment of patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: BVS STEMI first study. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:777-786.
14. Dixon SR, Whitbourn RJ, Dae MW, et al. Induction of mild systemic hypothermia with endovascular cooling during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:1928-1934.
15. Elgendy IY, Huo T, Bhatt DL, et al. Is Aspiration Thrombectomy Beneficial in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention? Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:e002258.
16. Engstrom T, Kelbaek H, Helqvist S, et al. Complete revascularisation versus treatment of the culprit lesion only in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease (DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386:665-671.
17. Erlinge D, Gotberg M, Lang I, et al. Rapid endovascular catheter core cooling combined with cold saline as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The CHILL-MI trial: a randomized controlled study of the use of central venous catheter core cooling combined with cold saline as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. J. Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1857-1865.
18. Erlinge D, Götberg M, Noc M, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction-combined analysis of the RAPID MI-ICE and the CHILL-MI trials. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag. 2015;5:77-84.
19. Fan X, Hua W, Xu Y, et al. Incidence and predictors of sudden cardiac death in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction after myocardial infarction in an era of revascularization. Heart. 2014;100:1242-1249.
20. Farooq V, Head SJ, Kappetein AP, et al. Widening clinical applications of the SYNTAX Score. Heart. 2014;100:276-287.
21. Frobert O, Lagerqvist B, Olivecrona GK, et al. Thrombus aspiration during ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med. 2013;369:1587-1597.
22. Gaglia MA Jr. Ticagrelor and the prevention of cardiovascular mortality: more than just platelet inhibition? Heart. 2014;100:1739-1740.
23. Gershlick AH, Khan JN, Kelly DJ, et al. Randomized trial of complete versus lesion-only revascularization in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI and multivessel disease: the CvLPRIT trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:963-972.
24. Greenwood JP, Maredia N, Younger JF, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CE-MARC): a prospective trial. Lancet. 2012;379:453-460.
25. Haybar H, Assareh A, Ghotbi Y, et al. Incremental diagnostic value of circulating pentraxin in patients with intermediate risk of coronary artery disease. Heart. 2013;99:640-648.
26. Henry TD, Satran D, Jolicoeur EM. Treatment of refractory angina in patients not suitable for revascularization. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014;11:78-95.
27. Holland DJ, Marwick TH, Haluska BA, et al. Subclinical LV dysfunction and 10-year outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heart. 2015;101:1061-1066.
28. Hsiao LC, Muo CH, Chen YC, et al. Increased risk of coronary heart disease in patients with chronic osteomyelitis: a population-based study in a cohort of 23 million. Heart. 2014;100:1450-1454.
29. Isik T, Kurt M, Ayhan E, et al. The impact of admission red cell distribution width on the development of poor myocardial perfusion after primary percutaneous intervention. Atherosclerosis. 2012;224:143-149.
30. Jimenez-Navarro MF, Lopez-Jimenez F, Barsness G, et al. Long-term prognosis of complete percutaneous coronary revascularisation in patients with diabetes with multivessel disease. Heart. 2015;101:1233-1239.
31. Jolly SS, Cairns JA, Dzavik V. Primary PCI with or without Thrombectomy. New Engl J Med. 2015;373:682-683.
32. Jolly SS, Cairns JA, Yusuf S, et al. Stroke in the TOTAL trial: a randomized trial of routine thrombectomy vs. percutaneous coronary intervention alone in ST elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2364-2372.
33. Kälsch H, Lehmann N, Mahabadi AA. et al, Investigator Group of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Beyond Framingham risk factors and coronary calcification: does aortic valve calcification improve risk prediction? The Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Heart. 2014;100:930-937.
34. Kastelein JJ, Akdim F, Stroes ES, et al. Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia. New Engl J Med. 2008;358:1431-1443.
35. Klingenberg R, Heg D, Räber L, et al. Safety profile of prasugrel and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes in Switzerland. Heart. 2015;101:854-863.
36. Kočka V, Malý M, Toušek P, et al. Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a prospective multicentre study ‘Prague 19’. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:787-794.
37. Kowalewski M, Schulze V, Berti S, et al. Complete revascularisation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Heart. 2015;101:1309-1317.
38. Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC. Jr, et al. 2009 focused updates: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2004 guideline and 2007 focused update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines on percutaneous coronary intervention (updating the 2005 guideline and 2007 focused update) a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:2205-2241.
39. Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:e44-122.
40. Levine GN, O’Gara PT, Bates ER, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/SCAI Focused Update on Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Update of the 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015. (In press).
41. Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, et al. Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. New Engl J Med. 2014;371:2155-2166.
42. McAlindon E, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Suleiman MS, et al. Infarct size reduction in acute myocardial infarction. Heart. 2015;101:155-160.
43. Montalescot G, Brieger D, Dalby AJ, et al. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting: a review of the evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:832-847.
44. Montalescot G, Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, et al., TRITON-TIMI 38 investigators. Prasugrel compared with clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (TRITON-TIMI 38): double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;373:723-731.
45. Moore EM, Nichol AD, Bernard SA, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia: benefits, mechanisms and potential clinical applications in neurological, cardiac and kidney injury. Injury. 2011;42:843-854.
46. Mortality GBD and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;385:117-171.
47. Nerla R, Webb I, MacCarthy P. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: contemporary management and future perspectives. Heart. 2015;101:1505-1516.
48. Nichol G, Strickland W, Shavelle D, et al. Prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled pilot trial of peritoneal hypothermia in patients with ST-segmentelevation myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:e001965.
49. Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, et al. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial. JAMA. 2006;295:1556-1565.
50. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, et al. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291:1071-1080.
51. Noc M, Fajadet J, Lassen JF. et al, European Association for Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI); Stent for Life (SFL) Group. Invasive coronary treatment strategies for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a consensus statement from the European association for percutaneous cardiovascular interventions (EAPCI)/stent for life (SFL) groups. EuroIntervention. 2014;10:31-37.
52. Park JS, Cha KS, Lee DS. et al, Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Investigators. Culprit or multivessel revascularisation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. Heart. 2015;101:1225-1232.
53. Patel MR, Smalling RW, Thiele H, et al. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and infarct size in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction without shock: the CRISP AMI randomized trial. JAMA. 2011;306:1329-1337.
54. Pijls NH, De Bruyne B, Peels K, et al. Measurement of fractional flow reserve to assess the functional severity of coronary-artery stenoses. New Engl J Med. 1996;334:1703-1708.
55. Pilgrim T, Windecker S. Antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Heart. 2014;100:1750-1756.
56. Rab T, Kern KB, Tamis-Holland JE. et al, Interventional Council, American College of Cardiology. Cardiac arrest: a treatment algorithm for emergent invasive cardiac procedures in the resuscitated comatose patient. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:62-73.
57. Rossi A, Dharampal A, de Feyter PJ. Coronary CT angiography for patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Heart. 2014;100:976-984.
58. Salomaa V, Havulinna AS, Koukkunen H, et al. Aging of the population may not lead to an increase in the numbers of acute coronary events: a community surveillance study and modelled forecast of the future. Heart. 2013;99:954-959.
59. Shin ES, Lee JH, Yoo SY, et al. A randomised, multicentre, double blind, placebo controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cilostazol in patients with vasospastic angina. Heart. 2014;100:1531-1536.
60. Six AJ, Cullen L, Backus BE, et al. The HEART score for the assessment of patients with chest pain in the emergency department: a multinational validation study. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2013;12:121-126.
61. Spears JR, Prcevski P, Jiang A, et al. Intracoronary aqueous oxygen perfusion, performed 24 h after the onset of postinfarction reperfusion, experimentally reduces infarct size and improves left ventricular function. Int J Cardiol. 2006;113:371-375.
62. Stallone F, Twerenbold R, Wildi K, et al. Prevalence, characteristics and outcome of non-cardiac chest pain and elevated copeptin levels. Heart. 2014;100:1708-1714.
63. Stoller M, Traupe T, Khattab AA, et al. Effects of coronary sinus occlusion on myocardial ischaemia in humans: role of coronary collateral function. Heart. 2013;99:548-555.
64. Stone GW, Martin JL, de Boer MJ. et al, AMIHOT-II Trial Investigators. Effect of supersaturated oxygen delivery on infarct size after percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;2:366-375.
65. Svilaas T, van der Horst IC, Zijlstra F. Thrombus Aspiration during Percutaneous coronary intervention in Acute myocardial infarction Study (TAPAS) - study design. Am Heart J. 2006;151:597.
66. Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Steg P.G, James S.K, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2569-2619.
67. Timmis A. Investigation of patients presenting with chest pain. Heart. 2015;101:1252.
68. Tsujita K, Sugiyama S, Sumida H, et al. Impact of Dual Lipid-Lowering Strategy With Ezetimibe and Atorvastatin on Coronary Plaque Regression in Patients With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The Multicenter Randomized Controlled PRECISE-IVUS Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:495-507.
69. Varenhorst C, Alström U, Braun OO, et al. Causes of mortality with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes. Heart. 2014;100:1762-1769.
70. Verheye S, Jolicoeur EM, Behan MW, et al. Efficacy of a device to narrow the coronary sinus in refractory angina. New Engl J Med. 2015;372:519-527.
71. Villacorta E, Sanchez PL. Complete revascularisation in patients with diabetes. Heart. 2015;101:1176-1177.
72. Vlaar PJ, Svilaas T, van der Horst IC, et al. Cardiac death and reinfarction after 1 year in the Thrombus Aspiration during Percutaneous coronary intervention in Acute myocardial infarction Study (TAPAS): a 1-year follow-up study. Lancet. 2008;371:1915-1920.
73. Wald DS, Morris JK, Wald NJ, et al. Randomized trial of preventive angioplasty in myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med. 2013;369:1115-1123.
74. Wallentin L, Becker R.C, Budaj A, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. New Engl J Med. 2009;361:1045-1057.
75. Warwick R, Mediratta N, Shaw M, et al. Red cell distribution width and coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;43:1165-1169.
76. Wilmot KA, O’Flaherty M, Capewell S, et al. Coronary heart disease mortality declines in the united states from 1979 through 2011: evidence for stagnation in young adults, especially women. Circulation. 2015;132:997-1002.
77. Yilmaz A, Sechtem U. Ischaemia testing in patients with stable angina: which test for whom? Heart. 2014;100:1886-1896.
78. Zhang D, Lv S, Song X, et al. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. Heart. 2015;101:455-462.

.

Clinical case of the treatment of acute heart failure with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with acute idiopathic giant cell myocarditis

B.M. Todurov, G.I. Kovtun, A.N. Postupalsky, A.N. Druzhyna, O.A. Loskutov, I.N. Kuzmich, А.О. Shpachuk

References

1. Cooper LT Jr. Myocarditis. New Engl. J. Med. 2009;360(15):1526-1538.
2. Izumi T, Hiroe M, Isobe M, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis (JCS 2009): digest version. Circ J. 2011;75(3):734-743.
3. Kindermann I, Barth C, Mahfoud F, et al. Update on myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(9):779-792.
4. Magnani JW, Dec GW. Myocarditis: current trends in diagnosis and treatment. Circulation. 2006;113(6):876-890.
5. Myocarditis. From Bench to Bedside. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Ed by Cooper LT Jr. Humana Press, 2003.
6. Shammas NW, Padaria RF, Coyne EP. Pericarditis, myocarditis, and other cardiomyopathies. Prim Care. 2013;40(1):213-236.

Creation of the permanent inferior vena cava filter for prevention of pulmonary artery embolism

Yа.O. Povar, I.O. Skiba, B.M. Todurov, A.V. Khokhlov, I.V. Altman, V.M. Shivanyuk

References

1. Iliin AA, Karpov VN, Mamonov AM, Kollerov MYu. Application of titanium and materials based on it in medicine. Moskva, 2006:324-327. (in Rus.).
2. Kulesh DV, Skyba IO, Karasevskaya OP, et al. Microstructure, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the new Zr-Ti-Nb alloy. Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. 2011;2(XVII):44-50. (in Ukr.).
3. Nikishin LF, Pasechny SV. Topical issues of pulmonary thromboembolism prophylaxis with the help of implantation of cava filters. Cardiology. 2012;2:82-95. (in Rus.).
4. Nikishin LF, Sukharev II, Popyk MP, et al. Results of use of coffee filter "Osot" for the prevention of pulmonary thromboembolism. Practical medicine. 2003;9(1):60-63. (in Ukr.).
5. Popadyuk OYa. Results of the use of coffee filters in the animal experiment. Experimental and Clinical Medicine. 2009;3:61-64. (in Ukr.).
6. Kuroda D, Niinomi M, Morinaga M, et al. Design and mechanical properties of new beta type titanium alloys for implant materials. Mater Sci Eng. 1998;243(1-2):244-249.
7. Niinomi M. Mechanical biocompatibilities of titanium alloys for biomedical applications. J Mechan Behavior Biomed Materials. 2008;1(1):30-42.
8. Stein PD, Matta F, Sabra MJ. Case Fatality Rate with Vena Cava Filters in Hospitalized Stable Patients with Cancer and Pulmonary Embolism. Amer J Medicine. 2013;126(9):819-824.
9. Yoshida WB, Rollo HA, Giannini M, et al. Experiência preliminar com novo filtro de veia cava: resultados de 15 implantes. J Vasc Bras. 2008;7(3).

New methods of surgical treatment of rare tumours of heart

R.M. Vitovsky, V.V. Isayenko, A.О. Rusnak, B.G. Gulak, O.A. Pishchurin

References

1. Averchuk VG, Kulik LV, Ivanov YuA, et al. Actual questions of surgical treatment with left atrial mix: experience of 69 operations. Kyiv, 2010;18:20-24. (in Ukr.).
2. Barbuhatty KO, Antonov GN, et al. Eight years' experience of surgical treatment with a mix of heart. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2011;3:23-27. (in Rus.).
3. Diaz А, Di Salvo C, et al. Left atrial and right ventricular myxoma: an uncommon presentation of a rare tumor. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2011:12(4):622-623.
4. Guenther F, Siepe M, Schlensak C, et al. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Recurrence of a familial giant multilocular cardiac myxoma in a patient with Carney's complex. Circulation. 2011;123(8):929-932.
5. Shetty R, Radin M, et al. Familial recurrent atrial myxoma: Carney's complex. Clin. Cardiol. 2011;34(2):83-86.